Site-Occupancy Monitoring Of An Ecosystem Indicator:Linking Characteristics Of Riparian VegetationTo Beaver Occurrence

نویسندگان

  • Stewart W. Breck
  • Michael I. Goldstein
  • Sanjay Pyare
چکیده

—Establishment of sampling frameworks to monitor the occurrence of ecological indicators and to identify the covariates that influence occurrence is a high-priority need for natural resource restoration and management efforts. We utilized occupancy modeling to identify patterns of beaver occurrence and factors influencing these patterns (i.e., type and amount of vegetation cover) in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River ecosystem. We used rafts and kayaks to access a stratified random sample of sites (i.e., 100-m-long sections of riverbank) and used repeated sampling procedures to sample for beaver sign (i.e., lodges, cuttings, tracks, and beaver sightings). We quantified the type and amount of vegetation cover at each sampled section by using a GIS database of remotely sensed information on the riparian vege tation in the Grand Canyon. We first modeled occurrence of beaver sign as a function of the total amount of vegetation cover (summed across classes) and then determined the relative importance score for each of the 7 vegetation classes. Detection probability (p) was 2 times higher when observers traveled in kayaks (0.61) than when they traveled in rafts (0.29). Occurrence of beaver sign (ψ) in sampled transects was widespread throughout the Grand Canyon (ψ = 0.74, SE = 0.06) and positively associated with total vegetation. The relative importance scores for Tamarix and Pluchea vegetation classes were 1.5–2.5 times larger than those for all other vegetation classes, indicating that occurrence of beaver sign was most strongly associated with the cover of these 2 vegetation classes. Our results imply that quantifying the amount of riparian vegetation in close proximity to a river helps determine the occurrence of an important ecological indicator in riparian systems. The results also demonstrate a useful and cost-effective method for monitoring riverine species’ usage patterns by explicitly accounting for detectability. RESUMEN.—El establecimiento de infraestructura de muestreo, para controlar la existencia de indicadores geológicos y para identificar las covariables que influencian dicha existencia, es una necesidad de alta prioridad para la restauración de los recursos naturales y los esfuerzos de gestión. Utilizamos el modelado de ocupación para identificar los patrones de la existencia de castores y los factores que influencian estos patrones, (es decir, el tipo y la cantidad de cubierta de vegetación) en el ecosistema del Gran Cañón del Río Colorado. Utilizamos balsas y kayaks para tener acceso a una muestra aleatoria y estratificada de emplazamientos (es decir, secciones de 100 m de largo de las márgenes del río), y utilizamos procedimientos de muestreo repetidos para tomar muestras de indicios de castores (es decir, refugios, cortezas, huellas y avistamiento de castores). Medimos el tipo y la cantidad de cubierta de vegetación en cada sección muestreada utilizando una base de datos del Sistema de Información Geográfica (Geographic Information System, GIS), de información detectada en forma remota, sobre la vegetación ribereña del Gran Cañón. Primero modelamos los indicios de la existencia de castores como una función de la cantidad total de cubierta de vegetación (sumado entre las clases), y luego determinamos la calificación de importancia relativa para cada una de las 7 clases de vegetación. La probabilidad de detección (p) fue 2 veces más elevada cuando los observadores se trasladaban en kayaks (0.61) que cuando se trasladaban en balsas (0.29). Los indicios de existencia de castores (ψ) en transectos muestreados fueron extensos a lo largo del Gran Cañón (ψ = 0.74, SE = 0.06) y relacionados en forma positiva con la vegetación total. La calificación de importancia relativa para las clases de vegetación Tamarix y Pluchea fue de 1.5 a 2.5 veces mayor que todas las otras clases de vegetación, lo que indica que los indicios de la existencia de castores estaba relacionada de forma más contundente con la cubierta de estas 2 clases de vegetación. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el medir la cantidad de vegetación ribereña en proximidad cercana a un río ayuda a determinar la existencia de un indicador ecológico importante en sistemas ribereños. Los resultados también demuestran un método útil y rentable para realizar el control del uso de las especies ribereñas, al dar cuenta explícitamente de la detección. 1United States Department of Agriculture–Wildlife Services–National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521. E-mail: stewart [email protected] 2Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Hwy., Juneau, AK 99801. 3Spatial Ecosystem Analysis Lab, University of Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Hwy., Juneau, AK 99801.

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تاریخ انتشار 2017